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Electroweak interactions with nuclei

John Dirk Walecka

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 1-20; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34870 (20 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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Selected electron scattering applications and tests of the Standard Model involving semileptonic weak interactions with nuclei are discussed. The current picture of strong and electroweak interactions in the nucleus is examined.
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23.40.Bw Weak-interaction and lepton (including neutrino) aspects
21.30.-x Nuclear forces
25.30.-c Lepton-induced reactions

Seeking the quark‐gluon plasma

Alfred S. Goldhaber

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 21-30; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34873 (10 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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Tests of Quantum Chromodynamics depend upon reaching high temperature or high density regimes of matter. One method of reaching large densities of matter is heavy−ion reactions.  Seeking the Quark−Gluon Plasma  with heavy−ion reactions is discussed in this presentation.(AIP)
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12.38.-t Quantum chromodynamics

Hadron physics

G. Bunce

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 31-47; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34880 (17 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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Is all hadronic physics ulitimately describable by QCD? Certainly, many disparate phenomena can be understood within the QCD fremework. Also certainly, there are important questions which are open, both theoretically (little guidance, as yet) and experimentally, regarding confinement. Are there dibaryons, baryonium, glueballs? In addition, there are experimental results which at present do not have an explanation. This talk, after a short section on QCD successes and difficulties, will emphasize two experimental topics which have recent results—glueball spectroscopy and exclusive reactions at large momentum transfer. Both are experimentally accessible in the AGS/LAMPF II/AGS II/TRIUMF II/SIN II energy domain.
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12.38.-t Quantum chromodynamics
21.10.-k Properties of nuclei; nuclear energy levels

p̄ physics at LEAR

Thomas Walcher

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 48-60; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34895 (13 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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A short overview of the LEAR facility (Low Energy Antiproton Ring) and of the experiments performed as it is given. Some of the latest results on p̄p scattering and the search for exotic resonances are presented.
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29.20.db Storage rings and colliders
13.75.Cs Nucleon-nucleon interactions (including antinucleons, deuterons, etc.)

Acceleration of particles by beam wave accelerator and surfatron

John M. Dawson

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 61-84; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34911 (24 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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The possibility of using intense plasma waves to accelerate particles to high energy is discussed. This is of interest because of the very intense electric fields that can be generated (E≊√ne Volts/cm) and the fact that the phase velocity can be essentially the speed of light. Particular attention is given to generating the waves by two intense laser beams with frequency difference equal to the plasma frequency (Beat Wave Accelerator) and using magnetic fields to maintain phase coherence of the accelerated particles with the plasma wave (Surfatron Accelerator). Results of extensive numerical simulation are given. Some of the advantages, disadvantages and important questions for these acceleration mechanisms are discussed.
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52.75.Di Ion and plasma propulsion

Measurements of K‐meson decays of special interest

Robert K. Adair

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 85-100; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34945 (16 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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Six measurements of K‐meson decay processes are discussed which are of particular interest at this time in as much as the results bear on the character of General Unified Theories. Three measurements concern CP‐invariance violation; three concern searches for new processes. The CP‐invariance measurements under consideration have been completed and the results are ‘‘real’’ and pass—though we consider the accessible range of improvements. In particular, we discuss briefly: (A) charge asymmetry in τ+ and τ− decays; (B) the polarization normal to the plane of decay of muons produced in Kμ3 decays, and; (C) recently completed measurements of ε′/ε (or the difference in the two‐pion charge ratios from KL and Ks decays). The search measurements are under preparation and the results are ‘‘virtual’’ and in the future. We discuss proposed searches for: (D) the decays K0L → μ+e; (E) K+ → π++μ++e−; and (F) K+ → π++, where ‘‘nothing’’ signifies non‐interacting neutrals such as neutrinos.
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13.20.Eb Decays of K mesons
13.35.-r Decays of leptons
11.30.Er Charge conjugation, parity, time reversal, and other discrete symmetries

High intensity hadron accelerators

L. C. Teng

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 101-115; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34841 (15 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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Accelerators needed to examine the intersections between nuclear and particle physics will require GeV energies with high beam intensities. Concerns about such high intensity machines are beam focusing, intensity limitations, power economics, and heavy ion applicability. These topics are the basis for this discussion. (AIP)
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29.20.-c Accelerators

Acceleration of polarized protons at the AGS

L. G. Ratner

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 116-123; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34863 (8 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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The methodology of accelerating polarized proton beams at the Brookhaven AGS facility is described.  The whole facility can be functionally divided into two sections: the front end consisting of the polarized ion source, the 20 keV beam transport, the RFQ linear accelerator, the 750 keV beam transport, the 200 MeV linac and 200 MeV polarimeter and the 200 MeV transfer line to the AGS; and the hardware necessary in the AGS to accelerate and maintain the polarization of the injected protons.  (AIP)
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29.27.Ac Beam injection and extraction
29.20.Ej Linear accelerators
29.20.dk Synchrotrons
29.30.-h Spectrometers and spectroscopic techniques

Electron scattering experiments

J. Heisenberg

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 124-138; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34864 (15 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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Because of the elementary structure of the electron, it is considered a precise probe of the constituent nature of hadronic matter. Use of the electron as a probe of subnucleonic degrees of freedom in nuclei is discussed in this presentation. Experimentally determined charge distributions for a wide variety of nuclei are presented and compared with shell model calculations which include single particle modes, core polarization, corrections due to delta−hole components, and corrections due to inclusion of meson exchange currents. (AIP)
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25.30.Bf Elastic electron scattering
25.30.Dh Inelastic electron scattering to specific states
21.30.-x Nuclear forces
21.10.Ft Charge distribution

Testing perturbative QCD without ultra‐high energies

Glennys R. Farrar

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 139-149; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34865 (11 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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Because of the development of computer driven algorithms capable of analytically computing all necessary Feynam diagrams application of perturbative QCD to large momentum transfer exclusive hadron scattering is now an endeavor of many high energy theorists. Furthermore, experimental testing of theoretical is not dependent upon ultra−high energy colliders. (AIP)
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12.38.-t Quantum chromodynamics

Nuclear hadrodynamics

D. F. Geesaman

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 150-168; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34866 (19 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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The role of hadron dynamics in the nucleus is illustrated to show the importance of nuclear medium effects in hadron interactions. The low lying hadron spectrum is considered to provide the natural collective variable for nuclear systems. Recent studies of nucleon‐nucleon and delta‐nucleon interactions are reviewed, with emphasis on the type of experimental phenomena which signal the importance of the many‐body dynamics.
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21.30.-x Nuclear forces
24.10.Cn Many-body theory

Accelerator‐colliders for relativistic heavy ions or in search of luminosity

G. R. Young

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 169-175; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34867 (7 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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Some issues pertinent to the design of collider rings for relativistic heavy ions are presented. Experiments at such facilities are felt to offer the best chance for creating in the laboratory a new phase of subatomic matter, the quark‐gluon plasma. It appears possible to design a machine with sufficient exploration of the heaviest nuclei in nature, to allow a thorough exploration of quark‐gluon plasma.
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29.20.db Storage rings and colliders
29.27.Eg Beam handling; beam transport

LAMPF II

Henry A. Thiessen

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 176-196; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34868 (21 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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We present a plan for a 45‐GeV 40‐μA proton synchrotron with a 200‐μA 9‐GeV booster. These machines can provide simultaneously 45‐GeV slow‐extracted beam for production of kaons, antiprotons, and other secondary particles, and 9‐GeV fast‐extracted beam for neutrino and pulsed muon physics. The LAMPF II machines are compared with existing and proposed kaon factories. Relative to the Brookhaven AGS as it exists today, LAMPF II will provide 90 times as many neutrino events per year and 300 times as many kaons per year. A number of experiments requiring vastly increased beam current are examined. Two programs, the search for quark‐gluon plasma using high‐energy antiproton annihilation in nuclei, and the measurement of nuclear quark structure functions using the Drell‐Yan process, address the highest priority problems of the NSAC long‐range plan. Some of the design features of the LAMPF II accelerators are shown to be important for reducing beam losses and increasing beam availability.
Because of the large rf power and voltage required, innovation on ferrite‐tuned cavities is required. A commercially available Mg‐Mn ferrite with perpendicular bias has been shown to raise the available ferrite Q by more than a factor of 10 compared with the materials now in use at other accelerators. A preliminary cost estimate is discussed. The cost of the LAMPF II machines is compared with estimates of several other proposed machines made with the same set of costing algorithms. The 45‐GeV LAMPF II proposal produces far more neutrinos, kaons, and antiprotons per unit cost than an upgraded conventional machine. The LAMPF II booster alone, which can provide 100 μA at 12 GeV, is shown to be a very interesting option at moderate cost.
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29.20.db Storage rings and colliders
29.27.Eg Beam handling; beam transport

AGS II

R. B. Palmer

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 197-208; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34869 (12 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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Interest in rare K decays, neutrino oscillations and other fields have generated an increasing demand for running, and improved intensity and duty cycle, at the AGS. Current projects include acceleration of polarized protons and light ions (up to mass 32). Future plans are for a booster to increase intensity and allow heavy ions (up to mass 200), and a stretcher to give 100% duty cycle. A later upgrade could yield an average current of 32 μ amps.
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29.20.dk Synchrotrons

TRIUMF kaon factory

Erich Vogt

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 209-216; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34871 (8 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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The proposed TRIUMF II synchrotron kaon factory is part of a worldwide response to the current interest in quarks, leptons, their interactions, and the degree in which these interactions are responsible for nuclear phenomena. A description of the TRIUMF kaon factory is presented. (AIP)
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29.20.dk Synchrotrons

The Berkeley Mini‐Collider

L. S. Schroeder

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 217-226; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34872 (10 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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The Berkeley Mini‐Collider, a heavy‐ion collider being planned to provide uranium‐uranium collisions at Tcm≲4 GeV/nucleon, is described. The central physics to be studied at these energies and our early ideas for a collider detector are presented.
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29.20.db Storage rings and colliders
29.20.Ej Linear accelerators

Bates electron facility

Stanley Kowalski

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 227-243; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34874 (17 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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Present programs and facility updates for the MIT Bates electron linac facility are described. Two current  pioneering  developments at the Bates facility are the energy loss spectrometer system and the recirculator. A program for polarized electron beams is in construction and will provide a resource for the study of spin physics. (AIP)
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29.20.Ej Linear accelerators

The University of Illinois Electron Facility

P. T. Debevec

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 244-252; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34875 (9 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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A review of the electron beam microtron facility at the University of Illinois is presented. Design of an updated 100 μA 288 MeV electron beam microtron has been completed and development is underway. A third stage microtron which will increase the electron beam energy to 750 MeV has been proposed to the NSF and construction would be completed in 1988. (AIP)
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29.20.Ej Linear accelerators

Facilities and experiments at Fermilab

Peter F. M. Koehler

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 253-264; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34876 (12 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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This paper describes the presently existing accelerator and research facilities at Fermilab as well as those currently being constructed. This is followed by a brief overview of the approved experiments for both the colliding beams mode and the fixed target mode of operation.
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29.20.db Storage rings and colliders
29.20.dk Synchrotrons

Hypernuclear systems

Peter D. Barnes

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 265-279; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34877 (15 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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The weak and strong interaction components of the hyperon‐nucleon interaction in nuclei are discussed via the ΛN system. Also, strangeness S=−2 dibaryon searches are discussed via the ΞN interaction. (AIP)
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21.80.+a Hypernuclei
13.75.Ev Hyperon-nucleon interactions
21.30.-x Nuclear forces

Properties and phases of nuclear matter

J. W. Negele

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 280-299; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34878 (20 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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The present experimental and theoretical understanding of the properties of nuclear matter is surveyed. Nuclear structure provides the most quantitative information at present, and prospects for complementary constraints from neutron stars and heavy ion collisions are discussed. The theory of the normal, superfluid, and pion‐condensed states of nuclear matter is reviewed and recent results concerning quark matter and lattice gauge calculations are presented.
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21.65.-f Nuclear matter

Symmetry violation in nuclei

E. G. Adelberger

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 300-320; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34879 (21 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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Nuclear experiments which probe the parity and time‐reversal symmetries are reviewed. The P‐violating NN interaction, studied in the NN system and in light nuclei, provides a unique window on the neutral current quark‐quark interaction. Results at low energy are in accord with expectations. However, surprises may occur when higher energies are studied in more detail. Sensitive probes of T‐violation via detailed balance, T‐odd correlations in γ and β‐decay, T‐odd effects in low‐energy neutron scattering, and searches for nuclear electric dipole moments (EDM) are discussed. No T‐violation is observed, but in several cases substantial improvements in the experimental sensitivity are imminent. Existing EDM limits are almost good enough to eliminate one of the leading theoretical explanations for CP violation.
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21.10.Hw Spin, parity, and isobaric spin
23.40.Bw Weak-interaction and lepton (including neutrino) aspects
21.10.Ky Electromagnetic moments

The search for proton decay

R. Bionta, G. Blewitt, C. B. Bratton, D. Casper, B. G. Cortez, S. Errede, G. W. Foster, W. Gajewski, K. S. Ganezer, M. Goldhaber, T. J. Haines, T. W. Jones, D. Kielczewka, W. R. Kropp, J. G. Learned, et al.

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 321-336; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34881 (16 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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Following a very brief description of the theoretical developments which motivated the search for proton decay, I shall describe one of these experiments (the IMB experiment) in some detail. Then I shall compare recent results from that experiment with those from other detectors.
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14.20.Dh Protons and neutrons
13.30.Ce Leptonic, semileptonic, and radiative decays

Parity nonconservation in the NN interaction

W. Haeberli

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 337-345; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34882 (9 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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Measurements of the parity nonconserving longitudinal analyzing power AZ in the NN interaction and in few‐nucleon systems are reviewed. A new result for AZ in p‐α scattering is combined with measurements on nuclei in the sd‐shell to determine the πN weak coupling constant and a linear combination of ρ and ω weak coupling constants.
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21.45.-v Few-body systems
21.30.-x Nuclear forces

Quark model spectroscopy

Harry J. Lipkin

AIP Conf. Proc. 123, pp. 346-359; doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.34883 (14 pages)

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2008

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A general overview of quark models of hadrons is presented. Experiment results and theoretical attempts to explain the data are discussed. Bag models and pion clouds, hadron masses and baryon magnetic moments, quark clustering and NN interactions, and the GA/GV ratio are topics included in this review. (AIP)
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12.40.-y Other models for strong interactions
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